References

 

Band DM, Linton RAF, O'Brien TK, Jonas MM, Linton NWF. The shape of indicator dilution curves used for cardiac output measurement in man. Journal of Physiology 1997; 498: 225-229.

Barash PG, Nardi D, Hammond G, Walker-Smith G, Capuano D, Laks H, Kopriva CJ, Baue AE, Geha AS. Catheter-induced pulmonary artery perforation: mechanisms, management, and modifications. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1981; 82: 5-12.

Birch NJ. Inorganic pharmacology of lithium. Chemical Reviews 1999; 99: 2659-2682.

Boyd KD, Thomas SJ, Gold J, Boyd AD. A prospective study of complications of pulmonary artery catheterizations in 500 consecutive patients. Chest 1983; 84: 245-249.

Branthwaite MA, Bradley RD. Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in man. Journal of Applied Physiology 1968; 24: 434-438.

Buchbinder N, Ganz W. Hemodynamic monitoring: invasive techniques. Anesthesiology 1976; 45: 146-155.

Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. Journal of the American Medical Association 1996; 276: 889-897.

Critchley, LAH. Impedance cardiography. Anaesthesia 1998; 53: 677-684.

Dalen JE, Bone RC. Is it time to pull the pulmonary artery catheter? Journal of the American Medical Association 1996; 276: 916-918.

Dow P. Estimations of cardiac output and central blood volume by dye dilution. Physiological Reviews 1956; 36: 77-102.

Du Bois D, Du Bois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Archives of Internal Medicine 1916; 17:863-871.

Durand M, Laval J, Feretti G, Perez I, Wollschlager K, Blin D, Girardet P. 3 cases of pulmonary artery false aneurysm induced by Swan-Ganz catheter: treatment by early embolisation. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1995; 74, suppl. 2: 10.

Editorial. Measurement of cardiac output. Lancet 1988; 2: 257-258.

Eidelmann LA, Pizov R, Sprunh CL. Pulmonary artery catheterization -At the crossroads? Critical Care Medicine 1994; 22: 543-545.

Erlanger J, Hooker DR. An experimental study of blood-pressure and of pulse-pressure in man. Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports 1904; 12: 145-378.

Fick A. Ueber die Messung des Blutquantums in den Herzventrikeln. Sitzungsberichte der Physiologisch-Medizinosche Gesellschaft zu Wurzburg 1870; 2: 16.

Fegler G. Measurement of cardiac output in anesthetized animals by a thermodilution method. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 1954; 39: 153-164.

Fischer AP, Benis AM, Jurado RA, Seely E, Teirstein P, Litwak RS. Analysis of errors in measurement of cardiac output by simultaneous dye and thermal dilution in cardiothoracic surgical patients. Cardiovascular Research 1978; 12: 190-199.

Ganz W, Donoso R, Marcus HS, Forrester JS, Swan HJC. A new technique for measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution in man. American Journal of Cardiology 1971; 27: 392-396.

Genoni M, Pelosi P, Romand JA, Pedoto A, Moccetti T, Malacrida R. Determination of cardiac output during mechanical ventilation by electrical bioimpedance or thermodilution in patients with acute lung injury: Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Critical Care Medicine 1998; 26: 1441-1445.

Gomez, CMH, Palazzo, MGA. Pulmonary artery catheterization in anaesthesia and intensive care. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1998; 81: 945-956.

Gore JM, Goldberg RJ, Spodick DH, Alpert JS, Dalen JE. A community-wide assessment of the use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1987; 92: 721-727.

Haller M, Zöllner C, Briegel J, Forst H. Evaluation of a new continuous thermodilution cardiac output monitor in critically ill patients: A prospective criterion study. Critical Care Medicine 1995; 23: 860-866.

Hamilton WF, Moore JW, Kinsman JM, Spurling RG: Studies on the circulation. IV Further analysis of the injection method, and of changes in hemodynamics under physiological and pathological conditions. American Journal of Physiology 1932; 99: 534-551.

Hamilton WF, Remington JW. The measurement of the stroke volume from the pressure pulse. American Journal of Physiology 1947; 148: 14-24.

Heerdt PM, Pond CG, Blessios GA, Rosenbloom M. Inaccuracy of cardiac output by thermodilution during acute tricuspid regurgitation. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1992; 53: 706-708.

Henriques V. Uber die Verteilung des Blutes vom linken Herzen zwischen dem Herzen und dem übrigen Organismus. Biochemische Zeitschrift 1913; 56: 230-248.

Horst HM, Obeid FN, Vij D, Bivins BA. The risks of pulmonary artery catheterization. Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics 1984; 159: 229-232.

Imai T, Takahashi K, Fukura H, Morishita, Y. Measurement of cardiac output by pulse dye densitometry using indocyanine green: a comparison with the thermodilution method. Anesthesiology 1997; 84: 816-822.

Imhoff M, Lehner H, Löhlein D. Noninvasive whole-body electrical bioimpedance cardiac output and invasive thermodilution cardiac output in high-risk surgical patients. Critical Care Medicine 2000; 28: 2812-2818.

Jakobsen CJ, Melsen NC, Andresen EB. Continuous cardiac output measurements in the perioperative period. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1995; 39: 485-488.

Jansen JRC, Wesseling KH, Settels JJ, Schreuder JJ. Continuous cardiac output monitoring by pulse contour during cardiac surgery. European Heart Journal 1990; 11 (Supplement 1): 26-32.

Jonas, M.M., Kelly, F.E., Linton, R.A.F., Band, D.M., O'Brien, T.K. and Linton, N.W.F. A comparison of lithium dilution cardiac output measurements made using central and antecubital venous injection of lithium chloride. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 1999; 15: 525-528.

Kinirons B, MacSullivan R. Valve perforation associated with pulmonary catheter insertion. Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 293 (letter).

Krishnamurthy B, McMurray TJ, McClean E. The peri-operative use of the oesophageal Doppler monitor in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularisation. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 624-629.

Kubicek WG, Karnegis, JN, Patterson, RP. Development and evaluation of an impedance cardiac output system. Aerospace Medicine 1966; 37: 1208-1212.

Kurita T, Morita K, Kato S, Kikura M, Horie M, Ikeda K. Comparison of the accuracy of the lithium dilution technique with the thermodilution technique for measurement of cardiac output. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1997; 79:770-775.

Lefrant JY, Bruelle P, Ripart J, Ibanez F, Aya G, Peray P, Saïssi G, de La Coussaye JE, Eledjam JJ. Cardiac output measurement in critically ill patients: comparison of continuous and conventional thermodilution techniques. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 1995; 42: 972-976.

Lefrant JY, Bruelle P, Aya AG, Saïssi G, Dauzat M, de La Coussaye JE, Eledjam JJ. Training is required to improve the reliability of esophageal Doppler to measure cardiac output in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1998; 4:347-352.

Linton RAF, Band DM, Haire KM. A new method of measuring cardiac output in man using lithium dilution. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1993; 71: 262-266.

Linton RAF, Linton NWF, Band DM. A new method of analysing indicator dilution curves. Cardiovascular Research 1995; 30: 930-938.

Linton RAF, Band DM, O'Brien TK, Jonas MM, Leach R. Lithium dilution cardiac output measurement: a comparison with thermodilution. Critical Care Medicine 1997; 25:1796-1800.

Linton, R., Turtle, M., Band, D., O'Brien, T. and Jonas, M. In vitro evaluation of a new lithium dilution method of measuring cardiac output and shunt fraction in patients undergoing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Critical Care Medicine 1998; 26: 174-177.

Linton, R.A.F., Band, D.M., O'Brien, T.K., Linton, N.W.F. and Jonas, M.M. Lithium dilution cardiac output measurement ­ a brief review. In: State-of-the-Art Technology in Anesthesia and Intensive Care (1998), edited by Ikeda, K., Doi, M. and Kazama, T. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 61-66.

Linton, R.A.F., Turtle, M., Band, D.M., O'Brien, T.K., Jonas, M.M. and Linton, N.W.F. A new technique of measuring cardiac output and shunt fraction during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 1999; 14: 43-48.

Linton, R.A.F., Taylor, P.M., Linton, N.W.F., Flach, E.J., O'Brien, T.K. and Band, D.M. (1999). Cardiac output measurement in an anaesthetized giraffe using lithium dilution. The Veterinary Record 1999; 145: 498-499.

Linton, R.A.F., Young, L.E., Marlin, D.J., Blissitt, K.J., Brearley, J.C., Jonas, M.M., O'Brien, T.K., Linton, N.W.F., Band, D.M., Hollingworth, C. and Jones, R.S. (1999). Cardiac output measured by lithium dilution, thermodilution and transesophageal echocardiography in anesthetized horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2000; 61: 731-737.

Linton RAF, Jonas MM, Tibby SM, Murdoch IA, O'Brien TK, Linton NWF, Band DM. Cardiac output measured by lithium dilution and transpulmonary thermodilution in patients in a pediatric intensive care unit. Intensive Care Medicine 2000 (in press).

Marik PE, Pendelton JE, Smith R. A comparison of hemodynamic parameters derived from transthoracic electrical bioimpedance with those parameters obtained by thermodilution and ventricular angiography. Critical Care Medicine 1997; 25: 1545-1550.

Murdoch SD, Cohen AT, Bellamy MC. Pulmonary artery catheterization and mortality in critically ill patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2000; 85: 611-615.

Nishikawa T, Dohi S. Errors in the measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 1993; 40: 142-153.

Perrino AC, Harris SN, Luther MA. Intraoperative determination of cardiac output using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography: a comparison to thermodilution. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 350-357.

Poelaert J, Schmidt C, Colardyn F. Transoesophageal echocardiography in the critically ill. Anaesthesia 1998; 53: 55-68.

Robin ED. Death by pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter: time for a moratorium? (editorial) Chest 1987; 92: 727-731.

Robin ED. Defenders of the pulmonary artery catheter. Chest 1988; 93: 1059-1066.

Robin ED. The cult of the Swan-Ganz catheter - use and abuse of pulmonary flow catheters. Annals of Internal Medicine 1985; 103: 445-449.

Rödig G, Prasser C, Keyl C, Liebold A, Hobbhahn J. Continuous cardiac output measurement: pulse contour analysis vs thermodilution technique in cardiac surgical patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1999; 82: 525-530.

Stetz CW, Miller RG, Kelly GE, Raffin TA. Reliability of the thermodilution method in the determination of cardiac output in clinical practice. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 1982; 126: 1001-1004.

Stewart GN. Researches on the circulation time and on the influences which affect it. Journal of Physiology 1897; 22: 159-183.

Stow RW, Hetzel PS. An empirical formula for indicator-dilution curves as obtained in human beings. Journal of Applied Physiology 1954; 7: 161-167.

Sykes MK. Clinical measurement and clinical practice. Anaesthesia 1992; 47: 425-432.

van Doorn CAM, Lyons G, Swindells S, Unnikrishnan R. Perforation of the right ventricle and cardiac tamponade: the use of a pulmonary artery catheter. British Journal of Intensive Care 1994; 4: 66-67.

White HL. Measurement of cardiac output by a continuously recording conductivity method. American Journal of Physiology 1947; 151: 45-57.

Yelderman ML, Quinn MD, McKown RC, Eberhart RC, Dollar ML. Continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement in sheep. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1992; 104: 315-320.

Yelderman ML, Ramsay MA, Quinn MD, Paulsen AW, McKown RC, Gillman PH. Continuous thermodilution cardiac output measurement in intensive care unit patients. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 1992; 6: 270-274.

Yelderman M. Continuous measurement of cardiac ouput with the use of stochastic system identification techniques. Journal of Clinical Monitoring 1990; 6:3 22-332.